| Dysmenorrhea |
Cyclic lower abdominal pain or pain radiating to the lower back before or during menstruation |
Primary dysmenorrhea without organic lesions |
| Ectopic Pregnancy |
Sudden decrease in menstrual flow, irregular vaginal bleeding, sudden lower abdominal pain, often with a history of amenorrhea |
Positive blood hCG, ultrasound shows no gestational sac in the uterus, mass beside the uterus |
| Intrauterine Pregnancy Loss |
Lower abdominal heaviness, slight vaginal bleeding, history of amenorrhea |
Positive blood hCG, ultrasound shows gestational sac in the uterus |
| Corpus Luteum Rupture |
Sudden pain on one side of the lower abdomen after ovulation |
Negative blood hCG, lower abdominal tenderness and rebound pain, ultrasound indicates pelvic hemorrhage |
| Ovarian Cyst Torsion |
History of ovarian cyst, sudden severe one-sided lower abdominal pain on position change |
Negative blood hCG, lower abdominal tenderness and rebound pain, ultrasound shows adnexal mass |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease |
Lower abdominal pain with increased vaginal discharge |
Cervical motion tenderness, uterine tenderness, adnexal thickening and tenderness, or palpable painful mass |
| Acute Appendicitis |
Persistent pain migrating from upper abdomen to right lower abdomen, accompanied by nausea and vomiting |
Right lower abdominal tenderness, rebound pain, and muscle rigidity |