Research Progress on Anemia Severity Prediction of Infectious Disease Prognosis https://pdf.hanspub.org/acm2024147_968100617.pdf
The clinical manifestations of IDA (Iron Deficiency Anemia), apart from the general symptoms caused by anemia-induced tissue and organ hypoxia, also include various clinical presentations caused by tissue iron deficiency. Since many enzymes affecting cellular redox processes contain iron or are iron-dependent enzymes, reduced enzyme activity can produce multiple clinical manifestations: ① It may cause mental development and behavioral changes in children, which may be related to decreased monoamine oxidase activity and catecholamine metabolism disorders; ② Reduced labor endurance, possibly related to decreased activity of cytochrome C and mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate oxidase, reduced myoglobin content, affecting skeletal muscle oxygen metabolism; ③ Weakened cellular immune function, reduced neutrophil bactericidal ability; ④ Decreased cold resistance, reduced levels of triiodothyronine (T3). Severe IDA can lead to mucosal tissue changes and ectodermal nutritional disorders, resulting in stomatitis, glossitis, atrophic gastritis and achlorhydria, dry skin, brittle and shedding hair, flat, fragile and easily cracked nails and paronychia, and even dysphagia and pica. The relationship between iron deficiency and infection remains to be clarified; children with iron deficiency are prone to infections, but excessive iron supplementation may increase infections. — Practical Internal Medicine (15th Edition)