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The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a structure in the kidney, consisting of the macula densa, granular cells, and extraglomerular mesangial cells. The macula densa senses changes in sodium ion concentration in the tubular fluid and regulates the release of renin from the granular cells. Granular cells synthesize and secrete renin, while extraglomerular mesangial cells have support, contractile, and phagocytic functions. The afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole connect together at the distal convoluted tubule. When the macula densa senses changes in sodium ion concentration in the afferent arteriole, it regulates the amount of renin secretion from the granular cells. Renin then adjusts the tension of the extraglomerular mesangial cells, thereby regulating the blood flow in the afferent arteriole (autoregulation).
[[macula densa]]: senses changes in sodium ion concentration in tubular fluid, regulates renin release from granular cells
[[granular cell]]: synthesizes and secretes [[renin]]
[[mesangial cell]]: has support, contractile, and phagocytic functions
The afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole grow together around the distal convoluted tubule outside Bowman’s capsule.
When the macula densa senses a change in sodium ion concentration in the afferent arteriole, it regulates the amount of renin secreted by the granular cells. Renin then adjusts the tension of the extraglomerular mesangial cells, thereby regulating the blood flow in the afferent arteriole (autoregulation).
