| Urine Volume | Physiological | Pathological | |
|---|---|---|---|
| [[Polyuria]] | >2500ml/24h | Large amount of water intake in a short time or consumption of foods and drinks with diuretic effects (tea, coffee) and use of diuretics or drugs with diuretic effects | 1. Endocrine and metabolic disorders (diabetes, diabetes insipidus). 2. Kidney diseases with concentration dysfunction (chronic nephritis, chronic membranous nephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis, polyuric phase of acute renal failure). 3. Psychogenic polyuria. |
| [[Oliguria]] | <500ml/24h or 17ml/h | Normal humans need at least 400-500ml of water daily to saturate and dissolve metabolic wastes for excretion | 1. Prerenal: decreased blood volume, reduced renal blood flow 2. Renal: parenchymal damage  decreased glomerular filtration membrane permeability, decreased total glomerular filtration area, tubular structural and functional damage 3. Postrenal: obstruction of urine outflow through ureter, bladder, urethra If urine remains close to saturation for a long time, stones and casts are easily precipitated. |
| [[Anuria]] | <100ml/24h or complete absence of urine within 12h | ||
| [[Urinary Retention]] | Inability to urinate |