# 各种医嘱拉丁文缩写（bid、tid、IV等）的全称

**URL:** <https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515>\
**Category:** 🥼实践与临床\
**Created:** [2023 年11 月 14 日 10:03 UTC](https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515 "2023-11-14T10:03:26Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 5\
**Page:** 1

<div class="post-metadata">

作者： ![doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/user_avatar/forum.beginner.center/doggie/32/550_2.png) [@doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/u/doggie)\
发布日期： [2023 年11 月 14 日 10:03 UTC](https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515/1 "2023-11-14T10:03:27Z")

</div>

# 推荐词

一直记不清bid、tid等用药频率，全靠经常用的机械记忆记了几个，查一查全称，原来是拉丁文😂  
下面是拉丁文解释成英文

下面有很多缩写-中文对照表 ，也可以直接搜索你想知道的缩写

# 原文链接

> **[What Do the Abbreviations on Your Prescription Mean?](https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-prescription-abbreviations-189318)**
>
> Medical prescription abbreviations can be hard to understand. Learn the meaning of 123 commonly used prescription abbreviations.

# 正文

> Medical prescription abbreviations can be hard to understand. Learn the meaning of commonly used pres…

You may have seen prescription abbreviations like _qd, hs,_ or _bid_ on your medication labels, which are derived from the latin words for “every day,” “at bedtime,” and “twice daily,” respectively.

Perhaps one of the most common is _Rx,_ which is the official symbol for “prescription.” Thought to be derived from the latin word for “recipe,” this abbreviation relays to pharmacists that a prescription is authorized to be filled.

Your pharmacy will translate your healthcare provider’s instructions on the medicine’s label. Sometimes, though, a mistake can happen. Many drugs, like [arthritis medication](https://www.verywellhealth.com/main-drug-classes-used-to-treat-arthritis-189325) or pain medication, can be dangerous if you take the wrong dose. Knowing [how to read prescription abbreviations](https://www.verywellhealth.com/my-doctors-prescription-how-do-i-read-it-1124042) can protect you from harmful errors.

This article will discuss the Latin abbreviations healthcare providers use on prescriptions and help you learn how to translate them. It will also discuss steps you can take to protect yourself from prescribing errors.

Verywell / Ellen Lindner

## The Origins of “Rx” as an Abbreviation for “Prescription”

Rx is an abbreviation for “prescription.” In the U.S. it is believed that the origin of the symbol is an abbreviation of the Latin word for “recipe,” which means “take.”

In Europe, another suggestion of the origin of the symbol appears to represent the astronomical sign of the planet Jupiter.

According to another theory, the Rx symbol is based on the Roman deity Jupiter. Jupiter’s symbol looked similar to the Rx symbol. The symbol may have been placed on a prescription to invoke Jupiter’s blessing.

### What Is the Difference Between Rx and Px?

Px and Rx are often confused for one another. However, Px does not mean prescription like Rx does. Depending on where it is used, Px can be a shorthand for “prognosis” or for “procedure code.” As a procedure code, Px will precede a numerical code that represents a specific medical procedure indicated for a patient.

## An Example of Prescription Abbreviations

Here is an example of what a healthcare provider might write on a prescription:

Sig: 1 tab po qid pc & hs

These abbreviations are instructions for taking the medication. The pharmacist will translate them for the medication label. In this case, the instructions will read: “Take one tablet by mouth four times a day, after meals, and at bedtime.”

The abbreviations may be written in capital letters or small letters, and may or may not include periods.

## List of Common Prescription Abbreviations

These are some common Latin prescription abbreviations and their meanings:

- ac (_ante cibum_) means “before meals”

- ad (_auris dextra_) means “right ear”

- ad lib (_ad libitum_) means “use as much as desired”

- aI, as (_auris laeva_, _auris sinistra_) means “left ear”

- au (_auris utraque_) means “both ears”

- bid (_bis in die_) means “twice a day”

- cap, caps (_capsula_) means “capsule”

- cf means “with food”

- daw means “dispense as written”

- dieb alt (_diebus alternis_) means “every other day”

- emp (_ex modo prescripto_) means “as directed”

- g means “gram”

- gr means “grain”

- gtt(s) (_gutta_) means “drop(s)”

- IM means “intramuscular” with respect to injections

- IV means “intravenous”

- mdu (_more dicto utendus_) means “to be used as directed”

- od (_oculus dexter_) means “right eye”

- os (_oculus sinister_) means “left eye”

- ou (_oculus uterque_) means “both eyes”

- pc (_post cibum_) means “after meals”

- po (_per os_) means “by mouth”

- pr (_per rectus_) means “by rectum”

- prn (_pro re nata_) means “as needed”

- qad (_quoque alternis die_) means “every other day”

- qd (_quaque die_) means “every day”

- qh (_quaque hora_) means “every hour”

- qhs (_quaque hora somni_) means “every night at bedtime”

- q3h (_quaque 3 hora_) means “every three hours”

- [qid](https://www.verywellhealth.com/my-doctors-prescription-4-times-a-day-or-every-6-hours-1124041) (_quater in die_) means “four times a day”

- qwk means “every week”

- sc, subc, subcut, subq, sq means “subcutaneous”

- sig (_signa_) means “write”

- tab (_tabella_) means “tablet”

- tbsp means “tablespoon”

- tsp means “teaspoon”

- tid (_ter in die_) means “three times a day”

- top means “topical”

- ud, ut dict (_ut dictum_) means “as directed”

- w means “with”

- w/o means “without”

- x means “times”

## Declining Use of Prescription Abbreviations

The Latin terms are still in use, but some healthcare providers are retiring them. It is becoming more common for healthcare providers to write prescription instructions in plain language.

Readable prescriptions can help prevent medication errors. That is why many medical professionals believe written instructions should be used instead of hard-to-read abbreviations.

For example, the abbreviation qd, which means “daily,” could be mistaken for qid, which means “four times a day.” It could also be confused for od, which means “right eye.” Simply writing “daily” prevents confusion.

E-prescribing, or electronic prescribing, can also help prevent medication errors. Instructions sent directly to the pharmacy electronically are less prone to human error. If your healthcare provider uses electronic prescribing, you may never see the abbreviations.

E-prescribing improves patient safety in a number of ways, such as:

- Eliminating hard-to-read prescriptions
- Reducing the need for verbal communication, which can lead to mistakes
- Alerting the healthcare provider if the patient has a drug [allergy](https://www.verywellhealth.com/allergic-reactions-82629)
- Alerting the healthcare provider to possible drug interactions
- Making it easier for the healthcare provider to view the patient’s medication history

## Summary

Prescription abbreviations like b.i.d., which stands for “twice a day,” and Rx, which stands for “prescription,” are commonly used by healthcare providers when detailing prescription drug information in shorthand.

If you receive a written prescription, make sure you understand the directions. If the directions are unclear or confusing, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist to explain. Don’t take chances: Do not take your medication unless you understand the instructions.

---

<div class="post-metadata">

作者： ![doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/user_avatar/forum.beginner.center/doggie/32/550_2.png) [@doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/u/doggie)\
发布日期： [2024 年1 月 1 日 02:26 UTC](https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515/3 "2024-01-01T02:26:29Z")

</div>

| 缩写 | 拉丁文 | 英文 | 中文 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ac | ante cibum | before meals | 饭前 |
| ad | auris dextra | right ear | 右耳 |
| ad lib | ad libitum | use as much as desired | 随意使用 |
| aI, as | auris laeva, auris sinistra | left ear | 左耳 |
| au | auris utraque | both ears | 双耳 |
| bid | bis in die | twice a day | 一天两次 |
| cap, caps | capsula | capsule | 胶囊 |
| cf | - | with food | 饭后 |
| daw | - | dispense as written | 按处方发放 |
| dieb alt | diebus alternis | every other day | 隔天 |
| emp | ex modo prescripto | as directed | 按指示 |
| g | - | gram | 克 |
| gr | - | grain | 格令 |
| gtt(s) | gutta | drop(s) | 滴 |
| IM | - | intramuscular | 肌肉注射 |
| IV | - | intravenous | 静脉注射 |
| mdu | more dicto utendus | to be used as directed | 按指示使用 |
| od | oculus dexter | right eye | 右眼 |
| os | oculus sinister | left eye | 左眼 |
| ou | oculus uterque | both eyes | 双眼 |
| pc | post cibum | after meals | 饭后 |
| po | per os | by mouth | 口服 |
| pr | per rectus | by rectum | 直肠给药 |
| prn | pro re nata | as needed | 需要时 |
| qad | quoque alternis die | every other day | 隔天 |
| qd | quaque die | every day | 每天 |
| qh | quaque hora | every hour | 每小时 |
| qhs | quaque hora somni | every night at bedtime | 每晚睡前 |
| q3h | quaque 3 hora | every three hours | 每三小时 |
| qid | quater in die | four times a day | 一天四次 |
| qwk | - | every week | 每周 |
| sc, subc, subcut, subq, sq | - | subcutaneous | 皮下 |
| sig | signa | write | 标记 |
| tab | tabella | tablet | 片剂 |
| tbsp | - | tablespoon | 汤匙 |
| tsp | - | teaspoon | 茶匙 |
| tid | ter in die | three times a day | 一天三次 |
| top | - | topical | 外用 |
| ud, ut dict | ut dictum | as directed | 按指示 |
| w | - | with | 带有 |
| w/o | - | without | 不带有 |
| x | - | times | 倍数 |

---

<div class="post-metadata">

作者： ![doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/user_avatar/forum.beginner.center/doggie/32/550_2.png) [@doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/u/doggie)\
发布日期： [2024 年1 月 1 日 02:30 UTC](https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515/4 "2024-01-01T02:30:49Z")

</div>

> **[List of medical abbreviations: Latin abbreviations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_abbreviations:_Latin_abbreviations)**
>
> The main discussion of these abbreviations in the context of drug prescriptions and other medical prescriptions is at List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions. Some of these abbreviations are best not used, as marked and explained here.
> once a day (United Kingdom)
> omne in die

| 缩写 | 含义 | [拉丁语](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin)（或[新拉丁语](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Latin)）起源 | 含义 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| a.c. | 餐前（[meals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meal)） | ante cibum | 饭前 |
| a.d., ad, AD | 右耳 | auris dextra | 右耳 |
| a.m., am, AM | 早晨（[morning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning)） | [ante meridiem](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ante_meridiem) | 早上 |
| nocte | 每晚 | Omne Nocte | 每晚 |
| a.s., as, AS | 左耳 | auris sinistra | 左耳 |
| a.u., au, AU | 双耳一起 _ **或** _ 每只耳朵 | aures unitas _ **or** _ auris uterque | 双耳（一起）或每只耳朵 |
| b.d.s, bds, BDS | 一天两次 | bis die sumendum | 一天两次 |
| b.i.d., bid, BID | 一天两次 / 每日两次 | bis in die | 一天两次/每日两次 |
| gtt., gtts | 滴（[drop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drop_(unit))） | [gutta](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gutta)(e) | 滴（滴剂） |
| h., h | 小时（[hour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour)） | [hora](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hora#Latin) | 小时 |
| qhs, h.s., hs | 睡前（[at bedtime](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bedtime#Noun)） _ **或** _ 半浓度 | quaque hora somni | 每晚睡前/半浓度 |
| ii | 两片片剂 | duos doses | 两片 |
| iii | 三片片剂 | trēs doses | 三片 |
| n.p.o., npo, NPO | 禁食 / _ **非** _[口服给药](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_administration) | nil per os | 空腹/不经口服用 |
| o.d., od, OD | 右眼（[eye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye)）每日一次（[英国](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom)） | oculus dexteromne in die | 每日一次（英国）右眼 |
| o.s., os, OS | 左眼 | oculus sinister | 左眼 |
| o.u., ou, OU | 双眼 | oculus uterque | 双眼 |
| p.c. | 餐后（[food](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food)） | post cibum | 饭后 |
| p.m., pm, PM | 下午（[afternoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afternoon)）或晚上（[evening](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening)） | [post meridiem](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/post_meridiem) | 下午或晚上 |
| p.o., po, PO | 口服（[mouth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouth)）/口服给药（[oral administration](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_administration)） | [per os](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per_os) / _非标准形式_ [per orem](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per_orem) | 经口服用 |
| p.r., pr, PR | 直肠给药（[rectally](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectum)） | [per rectum](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/per_rectum) | 直肠给药 |
| p.r.n., prn, PRN | 按需使用，（也指百白破疫苗的关键抗原Pertactin） | [pro re nata](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/PRN) | 需要时，也是百白破疫苗的关键抗原 |
| q. | 每 | [quaque](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quaque) | 每 |
| q.1.h., q1h | 每小时 | quaque hora | 每小时 |
| q.2.h., q2h | 每2小时 | quaque secunda hora | 每2小时 |
| q.4.h., q4h | 每4小时 | quaque quarta hora | 每4小时 |
| q.6.h., q6h | 每6小时 | quaque sexta hora | 每6小时 |
| q.8.h., q8h | 每8小时 | quaque octava hora | 每8小时 |
| q.a.m., qAM, qam | 每天早上 | quaque ante meridiem | 每天早上 |
| q.d., qd | 每天 / 每日 | quaque die | 每天/每日 |
| q.h.s., qhs | 每晚睡前 | quaque hora somni | 每晚睡前 |
| q.d.s, qds, QDS | 一天四次 | quater die sumendum | 一天四次 |
| q.i.d, qid | 一天四次 | quater in die | 一天四次 |
| q.h., qh | 每小时（[hour](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hour)），每小时一次 | quaque hora | 每小时 |
| q.o.d., qod | 隔天 / 每隔一天 | quaque altera die | 隔天 |
| q.p.m., qPM, qpm | 每天下午（[afternoon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afternoon)）或晚上 | quaque post meridiem | 下午或晚上 |
| q.s., qs | 足够数量（[足够](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/enough#Determiner)） | [quantum sufficiat](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quantum_sufficiat) | 足够的数量 |
| q.wk. also qw | 每周（每周一次） | quaque week | 每周一次 |
| Rx, Rx, ℞ | 处方 | [recipe](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/recipe#Latin) | 处方 |
| Sig., S. | 用法指示 | [signa](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/signa) | 用法指示 |
| Stat | | | |
| t.i.d., tid, TID | 一天三次 | ter in die | 一天三次 |
| t.d.s., tds, TDS | 每天三次口服 | ter die sumendus | 每天三次口服 |
| u.d., ud | 依[指示](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/instruction#Noun) | ut dictum | 按指示 |

---

<div class="post-metadata">

作者： ![王白水](https://forum.beginner.center/user_avatar/forum.beginner.center/%E7%8E%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%B4/32/192_2.png) [@王白水](https://forum.beginner.center/u/%E7%8E%8B%E7%99%BD%E6%B0%B4)\
发布日期： [2025 年5 月 6 日 07:13 UTC](https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515/6 "2025-05-06T07:13:37Z")

</div>



---

<div class="post-metadata">

作者： ![doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/user_avatar/forum.beginner.center/doggie/32/550_2.png) [@doggie](https://forum.beginner.center/u/doggie)\
发布日期： [2025 年5 月 6 日 07:13 UTC](https://forum.beginner.center/t/topic/515/7 "2025-05-06T07:13:46Z")

</div>

用药途径：po表示口服，im表示肌肉注射，ih表示皮下注射，ivdrip表示静脉滴注。